焦化氣發電機組構成及發電原理在工程中各發電廠所使用的焦化氣發電機組品牌不同，有國內設備、也有國外設備，其功率大小也不盡相同，但從整個瓦斯發電工藝流程來看是一致的，其系統都是由進氣排氣系統、點火系統、潤滑系統、冷卻系統、綜合控制等系統構成。瓦斯電站布局示意圖煤層氣發電工程中都建有儲氣柜，保證燃機用氣的穩定。

　　The composition and power generation principle of coking gas generator units vary among different brands of coking gas generator units used in various power plants in the project, including domestic and foreign equipment, and their power levels are also different. However, from the perspective of the entire gas power generation process, they are consistent, and their systems are composed of intake and exhaust systems, ignition systems, lubrication systems, cooling systems, comprehensive control systems, etc. Gas power station layout diagram: Gas storage tanks are built in coalbed methane power generation projects to ensure the stability of gas supply for gas turbines.

　　儲氣柜中的瓦斯氣體經過瓦斯氣預處理系統后，到達燃氣機組進入燃機混合器中，同時空氣經過空氣濾芯后同時進入混合器。在燃機混合器內，燃機對空氣和瓦斯氣進行自動配比后形成混合氣體，混合氣體經過渦輪增壓器后，再經過冷卻器進行兩級冷卻，使氣體溫度穩定在一定范圍內，通過不斷調整節氣閥，從而調整進氣量，最后進入氣缸內進行壓縮、做功，從而使發動機驅動發電機進行發電。焦化氣發電機組經做功排出的廢氣一般供給余熱鍋爐及其他換熱設備或直接排入大氣中。

　　The gas in the gas storage tank passes through the gas pre-treatment system and enters the gas turbine mixer. At the same time, the air passes through the air filter and enters the mixer. In the gas turbine mixer, the gas turbine automatically proportions air and gas to form a mixed gas. After passing through the turbocharger, the mixed gas is cooled in two stages by the cooler to stabilize the gas temperature within a certain range. By continuously adjusting the throttle valve, the intake air volume is adjusted, and finally it enters the cylinder for compression and work, so that the engine drives the generator to generate electricity. The exhaust gas discharged from the coking gas generator unit through work is generally supplied to waste heat boilers and other heat exchange equipment or directly discharged into the atmosphere.

　　焦化氣發電機組電氣系統調試

　　Electrical system commissioning of coking gas generator set

　　焦化氣發電機組中機務、熱工、電氣等系統試運行前必須經過調試才可以投運，這是機組安全投運的重要保證，其中電氣系統調試主要流程見圖1。  電氣系統調試流程

　　Before the trial operation of the mechanical, thermal, electrical and other systems in the coking gas generator unit, they must be debugged, which is an important guarantee for the safe operation of the unit. The main process of electrical system debugging is shown in Figure 1. Electrical system debugging process

　　1.調試準備焦化氣發電機組本體設備安裝、內部與外部系統一次電纜、二次電纜接線完畢，具備合格的交直流電源并具備送電條件，現場調試照明設施及消防安全設施齊備。焦化氣發電機組的圖紙及技術資料齊全，發電機組保護及自動控制裝置的整定值計算及相關參數設定值已經計算、匯總完成。調試用微機保護校驗儀、數字式絕緣電阻測試儀、高壓核相器、相序表、數字相位表、互感器特性測試儀、機組啟動測控儀、高壓耐壓試驗儀等調試設備齊全，設備性能符合現場調試要求、安全可靠且在鑒定有效期內。

　　1. Preparation for commissioning: The installation of the main equipment of the coking gas generator unit, the wiring of the primary and secondary cables of the internal and external systems, and the qualified AC/DC power supply and power transmission conditions have been completed. The on-site commissioning lighting facilities and fire safety facilities are complete. The drawings and technical data of the coking gas generator unit are complete, and the setting values and related parameter settings of the generator unit protection and automatic control devices have been calculated and summarized. The debugging equipment includes microcomputer protection calibrator, digital insulation resistance tester, high-voltage core phase transformer, phase sequence meter, digital phase meter, transformer characteristic tester, unit start-up measurement and control instrument, high-voltage withstand voltage tester, etc. The equipment performance meets the requirements of on-site debugging, is safe and reliable, and is within the validity period of identification.

　　2.控制系統帶電及輔助設備試運

　　2. Control system live and auxiliary equipment trial operation

　　依據設備廠家提供的控制柜接線圖檢查內部接線回路、各回路元器件及插件安裝情況。確認沒有卡件松動、導線虛接等情況。然后使系統控制柜內所有電源開關處于斷開位置，用500V絕緣電阻測試儀測量線路對外殼絕緣電阻，應無短路、接地現象。對地絕緣電阻值應滿足設計及相關技術規范要求。檢查外部電源情況正常后。按技術說明書依次投入各路控制電源。使機組本體綜合電子管理系統、輔助設備控制系統帶電。送電后觀察控制柜中裝置面板的指示燈是否點亮、顯示是否正常。修改電子管理系統時鐘及各系統參數，斷、合直流電源后，各參數應保證不變。有雙路電源供電的應進行冗余電源切換試驗。在機組機務、熱工等調試人員配合下，檢查燃機系統中變頻裝置、冷卻風機、潤滑油泵、電動門、電磁閥等燃機輔助設備是否具備送電條件，確認無誤后對附屬設備進行送電及試運行，試驗合格標準參照各專業標準執行。

　　Check the internal wiring circuit, components and plug-in installation of each circuit according to the control cabinet wiring diagram provided by the equipment manufacturer. Confirm that there are no loose card components or loose wire connections. Then make all power switches in the system control cabinet in the disconnected position, and use a 500V insulation resistance tester to measure the insulation resistance of the circuit to the shell. There should be no short circuit or grounding phenomenon. The ground insulation resistance value should meet the requirements of the design and relevant technical specifications. After checking that the external power supply is functioning properly. Input each control power supply in sequence according to the technical manual. Make the integrated electronic management system and auxiliary equipment control system of the unit live. After power transmission, observe whether the indicator lights on the device panel in the control cabinet are lit and whether the display is normal. Modify the clock and various system parameters of the electronic management system, and ensure that all parameters remain unchanged after disconnecting and connecting the DC power supply. Redundant power switching test should be conducted for those with dual power supply. With the cooperation of the unit maintenance and thermal commissioning personnel, check whether the auxiliary equipment of the gas turbine system, such as the frequency converter, cooling fan, lubricating oil pump, electric door, solenoid valve, etc., have the power transmission conditions. After confirming that there are no errors, power transmission and trial operation of the auxiliary equipment are carried out. The qualified test standards shall be implemented in accordance with the standards of each profession.

　　3.機組發電機轉子、定子及互感器試驗

　　3. Test of rotor, stator and transformer of the generator unit

　　焦化氣發電機組中一次設備除發電機定子、轉子外，一般還帶有電流及電壓互感器。對于封裝在機組內部的互感器可以不進行試驗，重點檢查出廠試驗報告相關數據是否滿足標準要求，具備試驗條件的按交接試驗標準進行。試驗項目及合格標準參照電氣裝置安裝工程電氣設備交接試驗相關要求執行，主要試驗項目有轉子定子絕緣電阻、繞組直流電阻、互感器變比、接線組別及極性、勵磁特性曲線、交流耐壓等試驗，試驗測量結果應滿足規范和制造廠設計文件要求。所有試驗項目嚴格按規范標準及電氣設備調試作業指導書的要求進行。保證測量結果真實、準確。試驗過程中對安裝完的設備及接線拆動的，試驗完成后必須按安裝的設計要求恢復。同時為了防止設備污染或損壞，調試完成后必須恢復設備原有的防護罩及相關保護設施。部分設備需要廠家指導及協助進行的調試項目，調試前需要及時聯系廠家到達現場，并積極配合現場技術人員，落實好安全技術措施。調試中如果遇到問題。必須及時解決并報告主管負責人。

　　In addition to the stator and rotor of the generator, the primary equipment in coking gas generator sets generally also includes current and voltage transformers. For transformers packaged inside the unit, testing is not required. The focus is on checking whether the relevant data in the factory test report meets the standard requirements. If the testing conditions are met, the handover test standards shall be followed. The test items and qualification standards shall be carried out in accordance with the relevant requirements of the electrical equipment handover test for electrical installation engineering. The main test items include rotor stator insulation resistance, winding DC resistance, transformer ratio, wiring group and polarity, excitation characteristic curve, AC withstand voltage and other tests. The test measurement results shall meet the requirements of the specifications and manufacturer's design documents. All experimental projects shall be strictly carried out in accordance with the requirements of the specifications, standards, and electrical equipment commissioning operation manual. Ensure that the measurement results are true and accurate. During the experiment, if the installed equipment and wiring are disassembled, they must be restored according to the installation design requirements after the experiment is completed. At the same time, in order to prevent equipment contamination or damage, the original protective cover and related protective facilities of the equipment must be restored after debugging is completed. Some equipment requires guidance and assistance from the manufacturer for debugging projects. Before debugging, it is necessary to promptly contact the manufacturer to arrive at the site and actively cooperate with on-site technical personnel to implement safety technical measures. If encountering problems during debugging. It must be resolved promptly and reported to the supervisor in charge.

　　4.機組電氣保護整定及傳動試驗

　　4. Electrical protection setting and transmission test of the unit

　　焦化氣發電機組的電氣保護一般設置有過載、高頻低頻、差動、接地、勵磁故障等，不同的廠家保護配置有所不同。試驗時參照燃機電氣保護裝置技術文件，對定值單的內容逐項進行核對，設置保護模塊中機組發電機各側的CT變比、PT變比、電流電壓值及各種保護參數。調試時用繼電保護測試儀對保護模塊進行相應的模擬故障試驗，使保護可靠動作，檢查各插件面板指示燈動作及出口繼電器輸出情況，用萬用表在端子排查該保護的所有跳閘出口接點動作是否正確，外部有連鎖的接點檢查連鎖動作情況。一般應重點檢查發電機保護動作后連鎖跳閘出口高壓開關、瓦斯氣預處理系統輸入及排空閥、廠區鍋爐系統等連鎖動作情況。驗證各系統邏輯動作的準確性及可靠性。試驗過程中需要注意跳閘出口繼電器輸出接點極性應與外回路直流電源極性配合。

　　The electrical protection of coking gas generator units generally includes overload, high frequency and low frequency, differential, grounding, excitation faults, etc., and the protection configuration varies among different manufacturers. During the experiment, refer to the technical documents of the gas turbine electrical protection device, check the contents of the fixed value sheet item by item, and set the CT ratio, PT ratio, current and voltage values, and various protection parameters on each side of the generator in the protection module. During debugging, use a relay protection tester to conduct corresponding simulated fault tests on the protection module to ensure reliable operation of the protection. Check the operation of the indicator lights on each plugin panel and the output of the outlet relay. Use a multimeter to check whether all the tripping outlet contacts of the protection are operating correctly at the terminals. Check the interlocking operation of external contacts with interlocking connections. Generally, it is important to focus on checking the interlocking actions of the high-voltage switch at the outlet of the generator after the protection action, the input and exhaust valves of the gas pre-treatment system, and the boiler system in the factory area. Verify the accuracy and reliability of the logical actions of each system. During the experiment, it is important to note that the polarity of the output contact of the trip outlet relay should be coordinated with the polarity of the external DC power supply.

　　5.機組啟動及并網

　　5. Unit start-up and grid connection

　　按焦化氣發電機組操作規程及相關技術文件要求，現場試驗階段的啟動由設備廠家負責起動。現場檢測起動過程中各參數是否在正常運行范圍內，瓦斯機組整體嚴密性是否合格，沒有出現漏油、漏水、漏氣等情況。同時熟悉機組在手動、自動控制狀態下的操作控制，查看各動態參數是否正常。在焦化氣發電機組額定轉速下,完成機組啟動相關試驗。電氣相關試驗主要有空載試驗和短路試驗，通過試驗檢查機組電壓電流回路準確性、保護動作情況，錄制發電機空載特性曲線及短路特性曲線。瓦斯燃氣機組各運行參數檢查及機組本體各專業試驗完成后，核對燃機發電側電壓及系統側電壓是否滿足同期并網條件。應保證機組發電機輸出電壓、頻率、相位與系統電網數相近，經過出口高壓開關兩側核相、假同期試驗、手動或自動準確，才能同期實現焦化氣發電機組并網。

　　According to the operating procedures and relevant technical documents for coking gas generator units, the equipment manufacturer is responsible for starting the on-site testing phase. On site inspection was conducted to ensure that all parameters during the start-up process were within the normal operating range, and that the overall tightness of the gas unit was qualified without any oil, water, or gas leaks. At the same time, familiarize oneself with the operation and control of the unit in manual and automatic control states, and check whether various dynamic parameters are normal. Complete the relevant tests for unit start-up at the rated speed of the coking gas generator set. Electrical related tests mainly include no-load tests and short-circuit tests. Through the tests, the accuracy of the voltage and current circuits of the unit, the protection action, and the recording of the generator's no-load characteristic curve and short-circuit characteristic curve are checked. After checking the operating parameters of the gas turbine unit and conducting various professional tests on the unit itself, verify whether the voltage on the generator side and the system side of the gas turbine meet the conditions for synchronous grid connection. It should be ensured that the output voltage, frequency, and phase of the unit generator are similar to the number of power grids in the system. Only after undergoing phase verification and false synchronization tests on both sides of the outlet high-voltage switch, manual or automatic accuracy, can the coking gas generator unit be connected to the grid synchronously.

　　6.試驗記錄整理

　　6. Experimental record organization

　　焦化氣發電機組試驗及試運行記錄按事先準備好的記錄表格填寫，必須準確和詳細，做到每項記錄都有可追溯性。

　　The test and trial operation records of coking gas generator units must be filled out in accordance with the pre prepared record form, which must be accurate and detailed, ensuring traceability for each record.

　　調試過程注意事項

　　Notes on Debugging Process

　　調試過程注意事項:1.試驗過程中送電、送氣及其他工作事宜均由調試總負責人負責，做到各系統有序協調，專業調試人員應參加調試各階段工作的檢查、交接驗收等工作。2.焦化氣發電機組在試驗過程時一旦發生瓦斯泄漏，嚴禁在運行狀態下用鐵質工具對泄漏點進行修理緊固，應停機后將設備或管道內瓦斯排盡后再做處理，同時在發電廠區域內嚴禁吸煙，嚴禁采用非防爆設備作業，嚴禁動火動焊作業。3.電氣試驗中對回路進行絕緣測試時，應將弱電部件斷開或短接，避免損壞弱設備。嚴禁帶電拔、插插件，試驗結束后嚴禁對相關保護及參數進行更改操作，若有更改,應及時通知調試專業人員。4.調試過程中,可能出現瓦斯壓力過大，瓦斯泄漏、電氣故障跳閘等異常情況，應制定相應的安全保護措施及應急預案。

　　Precautions for debugging process: 1. During the testing process, the overall person in charge of debugging is responsible for power and air supply, as well as other work matters, to ensure orderly coordination among various systems. Professional debugging personnel should participate in the inspection, handover and acceptance of each stage of debugging work. 2. In case of gas leakage during the testing process of the coking gas generator unit, it is strictly prohibited to use iron tools to repair and tighten the leakage point while in operation. The equipment or pipeline should be drained of gas before treatment after shutdown. Smoking is strictly prohibited in the power plant area, non explosion proof equipment operation is strictly prohibited, and hot work welding operation is strictly prohibited. When conducting insulation tests on circuits in electrical tests, weak electrical components should be disconnected or short circuited to avoid damaging weak equipment. It is strictly prohibited to unplug or plug in with electricity. After the test is completed, it is strictly prohibited to change the relevant protection and parameters. If there are any changes, the debugging professionals should be notified in a timely manner. During the debugging process, there may be abnormal situations such as excessive gas pressure, gas leakage, electrical failure tripping, etc. Corresponding safety protection measures and emergency plans should be formulated.

　　結束語

　　Conclusion

　　焦化氣發電機組從安裝到并網發電，涉及到電氣、熱工、機務等各專業調試，需要各個專業相互配合才能實現機組并網發電。其中電氣系統調試貫穿干焦化氣發電機組調試整個階段。本文也僅僅就電氣專業調試程序進行了介紹與總結，許多調試及維護工作還需要設備廠家專業技術人員指導才能完成。工程實踐中還會接觸到更多不同類型的焦化氣發電機組。每位調試技術人員只有不斷學習、不斷積累經驗，才能更好地認識、掌握燃氣機組的調試。

　　The installation and grid connected power generation of coking gas generator units involve various professional debugging such as electrical, thermal, and mechanical engineering, which require mutual cooperation among various professions to achieve grid connected power generation. The electrical system debugging runs through the entire stage of the commissioning of the dry coking gas generator unit. This article only introduces and summarizes the electrical professional debugging program. Many debugging and maintenance tasks still require guidance from professional technical personnel from equipment manufacturers to complete. In engineering practice, we will also come into contact with more different types of coking gas generator units. Only by continuously learning and accumulating experience can each debugging technician better understand and master the debugging of gas turbines.

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