高低濃度瓦斯的相關知識以及區分方法

Related knowledge and differentiation methods of high and low concentration gas

　　煤層氣在煤礦稱為煤礦瓦斯，簡稱瓦斯根據新的資源評價結果，我國陸上煤層氣資源量36.8萬億立方米，與陸上常規天然氣資源量（38萬億立方米）相當，僅次于俄羅斯和加拿大。煤層氣的主要成分是甲烷，甲烷在空氣中的濃度達到5%－16%時，遇明火就會爆炸，這是煤礦瓦斯爆炸事故的根源。煤層氣不加以利用，直接排放到大氣中，其溫室效應約為二氧化碳的21倍。煤礦瓦斯發電，既可以有效地解決煤礦瓦斯事故、改善煤礦安全生產條件，又有利于增加潔凈能源供應、減少溫室氣體排放，達到保護生命、保護資源、保護環境的多重目標。

Coalbed methane in coal mines is called coal mine gas, abbreviated as gas. According to the new resource evaluation results, China's onshore coalbed methane resources are 36.8 trillion cubic meters, which is equivalent to the onshore conventional natural gas resources (38 trillion cubic meters), second only to Russia and Canada. The main component of coalbed methane is methane. When the concentration of methane in the air reaches 5% -16%, it will explode when encountering an open flame, which is the root cause of coal mine gas explosion accidents. Coalbed methane is not utilized and is directly emitted into the atmosphere, with a greenhouse effect about 21 times that of carbon dioxide. Coal mine gas power generation can effectively solve coal mine gas accidents, improve coal mine safety production conditions, increase clean energy supply, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and achieve multiple goals of protecting lives, resources, and the environment.

　　（一）低濃度瓦斯發電技術

（1） Low concentration gas power generation technology

　　煤礦瓦斯分高濃度瓦斯和低濃度瓦斯，高濃度瓦斯是指瓦斯（甲烷）濃度大于25%的瓦斯，低濃度瓦斯是指瓦斯濃度低于25%的瓦斯。我國60%以上的瓦斯是含甲烷25%以下的低濃度瓦斯，按煤礦安全規程要求，瓦斯濃度在25%以下的就不能貯存和輸送。低濃度瓦斯發電需要解決2個問題，一是各個煤礦的本身不一樣，而且隨時都在變化，傳統的發電機組很難;以不變應萬變 ，二是低濃度瓦斯的安全輸送問題。依托勝動和濟柴在燃氣內燃機領域的領先技術，率先研制出性能卓越的高濃度瓦斯發電機組，并后繼開發出能適用于低濃度瓦斯的中大功率低濃度瓦斯發電機組，成為最早掌握低濃度瓦斯發電機組技術的廠家之一。其中500KW高低濃度瓦斯發電機組和600KW高低濃度瓦斯發電機組該機組性能最為卓越，性價比高。機組采用電控燃氣混合器技術，可以自動控制空燃比，以適應瓦斯的濃度變化，適合我國煤礦點多量小的特點，同時，發明了低濃度瓦斯安全輸送技術，采用細水霧技術，解決了低濃度瓦斯的地面安全輸送問題。

Coal mine gas is divided into high concentration gas and low concentration gas. High concentration gas refers to gas (methane) with a concentration greater than 25%, and low concentration gas refers to gas with a concentration lower than 25%. More than 60% of gas in our country is low concentration gas containing less than 25% methane. According to coal mine safety regulations, gas with a concentration below 25% cannot be stored or transported. Low concentration gas power generation needs to solve two problems. Firstly, each coal mine itself is different and constantly changing, making it difficult for traditional power generation units; The second issue is the safe transportation of low concentration gas. Relying on the leading technology of Shengdong and Jichai in the field of gas internal combustion engines, we have taken the lead in developing high-performance high concentration gas generator sets, and subsequently developed medium to high power low concentration gas generator sets that can be applied to low concentration gas, becoming one of the earliest manufacturers to master the technology of low concentration gas generator sets. Among them, the 500KW high and low concentration gas generator set and the 600KW high and low concentration gas generator set have the most outstanding performance and high cost-effectiveness. The unit adopts electronic control gas mixer technology, which can automatically control the air-fuel ratio to adapt to changes in gas concentration, suitable for the characteristics of large and small coal mines in China. At the same time, low concentration gas safety transportation technology has been invented, and fine water mist technology has been used to solve the problem of ground safety transportation of low concentration gas.

　　（二）低濃度瓦斯發電基本要求

（2） Basic requirements for low concentration gas power generation

　　首先、按國家煤礦安全管理部門的要求安裝了瓦斯抽放系統,并且瓦斯抽放系統須正常運行；其次、瓦斯抽放系統純瓦斯抽放量在100萬m3/年左右，瓦斯濃度在6-25%之間。達到這2個條件就能具備建設瓦斯電站的基礎，若建設瓦斯電站就可實現;以利用促抽采、以抽采促安全;的煤礦良性循環發展。

Firstly, a gas drainage system has been installed in accordance with the requirements of the national coal mine safety management department, and the gas drainage system must operate normally; Secondly, the pure gas drainage volume of the gas drainage system is about 1 million m3/year, and the gas concentration is between 6-25%. By meeting these two conditions, one can have the foundation to build a gas power station. If a gas power station is built, it can be achieved; Promoting extraction through utilization and promoting safety through extraction; The virtuous cycle development of coal mines.

　　高低濃度瓦斯的劃分：

Classification of high and low concentration gas:

　　煤礦瓦斯分高濃度瓦斯和低濃度瓦斯，高濃度瓦斯是指瓦斯（甲烷）濃度大于25%的瓦斯，低濃度瓦斯是指瓦斯濃度低于25%的瓦斯。我國60%以上的瓦斯是含甲烷25%以下的低濃度瓦斯，按煤礦安全規程要求，瓦斯濃度在25%以下的就不能貯存和輸送。

Coal mine gas is divided into high concentration gas and low concentration gas. High concentration gas refers to gas (methane) with a concentration greater than 25%, and low concentration gas refers to gas with a concentration lower than 25%. More than 60% of gas in our country is low concentration gas containing less than 25% methane. According to coal mine safety regulations, gas with a concentration below 25% cannot be stored or transported.

　　低濃度瓦斯發電基本要求：

Basic requirements for low concentration gas power generation:

　　1、按國家煤礦安全管理部門的要求安裝了瓦斯抽放系統,并且瓦斯抽放系統須正常運行；

1. According to the requirements of the national coal mine safety management department, a gas drainage system has been installed and must operate normally;

　　2、瓦斯抽放系統純瓦斯抽放量在100萬m3/年左右，瓦斯濃度在6-25%之間。

2. The pure gas drainage capacity of the gas drainage system is about 1 million m3/year, and the gas concentration is between 6-25%.

　　機組對瓦斯的要求：

Unit's requirements for gas:

　　1、在距離燃氣機組燃氣進氣閥1m內1、瓦斯溫度≤40℃；

1. Within 1 meter from the gas inlet valve of the gas unit, the gas temperature should be ≤ 40 ℃;

　　2、瓦斯壓力3～20kpa，壓力變化率≤1kpa/min；

2. Gas pressure of 3-20kpa, pressure change rate ≤ 1kpa/min;

　　3、H2S≤200mg/Nm3；

3. H2S ≤ 200mg/Nm3;

　　4、對于CH4體積含量，高濃度瓦斯發電機組要求甲烷含量在25%以上，低濃度瓦斯發電機組要求甲烷含量在12%-25%可以正常啟動。

4. For CH4 volume content, high concentration gas generators require a methane content of over 25%, while low concentration gas generators require a methane content of 12% -25% to start normally.

　　5、瓦斯中水分含量≤40g/Nm36、雜質粒度≤5μm，雜質含量≤30mg/Nm3。如果可燃氣體中含硫及氨成分較高，不僅會嚴重腐蝕火花塞電極，而且會使機油中的酸值增加腐蝕機組內部零件，同時易于生成沉淀物，增加對發動機的磨損和腐蝕。

5. Moisture content in gas ≤ 40g/Nm36, impurity particle size ≤ 5 μ m. Impurity content ≤ 30mg/Nm3. If the sulfur and ammonia components in the combustible gas are high, not only will it seriously corrode the spark plug electrode, but it will also increase the acid value in the engine oil and corrode the internal parts of the unit. At the same time, it is easy to generate sediment, which increases the wear and corrosion of the engine.

　　可根據客戶實際需要配置單套機組功率涵蓋500kw-800kw的瓦斯發電機組。對于裝機容量在1MW以上的項目，我們建議客戶使用多臺500KW的機組并機并網，綜合性價比最高。電站運行也更加穩定，維護保養方便，且維護成本低。

According to the actual needs of customers, a single set of gas generator units with a power range of 500kw-800kw can be configured. For projects with an installed capacity of over 1MW, we recommend that customers use multiple 500KW units connected to the grid for the highest comprehensive cost-effectiveness. The operation of the power station is also more stable, with convenient maintenance and low maintenance costs.

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