1.1 closed cycle cooling system

閉式循環(huán)冷卻系統(tǒng)使用固定的冷卻水量來冷卻介質(zhì)，而且冷卻水不暴露與大氣，沒有水被蒸發(fā)。閉式循環(huán)冷卻水系統(tǒng)在煤礦瓦斯發(fā)電系統(tǒng)有三種應(yīng)用場合：一是冷卻汽輪機的乏機，如在嚴重缺水地區(qū)建設(shè)的空冷機組，多采用這種系統(tǒng)；二是部分電廠將軸瓦冷卻水等組成一個專門的閉式循環(huán)冷卻系統(tǒng)，即二次冷卻系統(tǒng)；三是裝有水內(nèi)冷發(fā)電機的電廠。

The closed cycle cooling system uses fixed cooling water to cool the medium, and the cooling water is not exposed to the atmosphere and no water is evaporated. There are three applications of closed circulating cooling water system in coal mine gas power generation system: one is the lack of cooling steam turbine, such as the air cooling unit built in severe water shortage area, which is often used; the second is that some power plants form a special closed circulating cooling system, i.e. secondary cooling system; the third is the power plant with internal water cooling generator.

1.2開式循環(huán)冷卻系統(tǒng)

1.2 open cycle cooling system

在開式循環(huán)冷卻水系統(tǒng)中，冷卻水經(jīng)循環(huán)水泵送入凝汽器，進行熱交換，被加熱的冷卻水經(jīng)冷卻塔冷卻后，流入冷卻塔底部水池，再有循環(huán)水泵送入凝汽器循環(huán)使用。這種循環(huán)利用的冷卻水成為循環(huán)冷卻水。在冷卻塔中，循環(huán)水的冷卻是通過水和空氣接觸，由蒸發(fā)散熱、接觸散熱和輻射散熱三個過程共同作用的結(jié)果。

In the open circulating cooling water system, the cooling water is sent to the condenser through the circulating water pump for heat exchange. After being cooled by the cooling tower, the heated cooling water flows into the pool at the bottom of the cooling tower, and then the circulating water pump is sent to the condenser for recycling. The recycled cooling water becomes circulating cooling water. In the cooling tower, the cooling of circulating water is the result of three processes: evaporation, contact and radiation.

其中，接觸散熱是由較高溫度的水與較低溫度的空氣接觸，由于溫差使熱水中的熱量傳到空氣中去，水溫得到了降低。蒸發(fā)散熱是因為進入冷卻塔的空氣，濕分含量一般低于飽和狀態(tài)，而在水汽界面上的空氣已經(jīng)達到飽和狀態(tài)，這種含濕量的差別，使得水和汽不斷擴散到空氣中去，隨著水汽的擴散，界面上的水分就不斷蒸發(fā)，把熱量傳給空氣。所以水的蒸發(fā)冷卻，可以使水溫低于空氣的濕度。輻射傳熱是除冷卻池外，對其他各型冷卻構(gòu)筑物的影響不大，一般可以忽略不計。

Among them, the contact heat dissipation is the contact between the higher temperature water and the lower temperature air. Because of the temperature difference, the heat in the hot water is transferred to the air, and the water temperature is reduced. Evaporation and heat dissipation is because the moisture content of the air entering the cooling tower is generally lower than the saturated state, while the air at the water vapor interface has reached the saturation state. This difference in moisture content makes water and steam continuously diffuse into the air. With the diffusion of water vapor, the water on the interface will continue to evaporate, transferring heat to the air. So the evaporation cooling of water can make the water temperature lower than the humidity of air. Radiation heat transfer has little effect on other cooling structures except cooling pool, which can be ignored generally.

1.3高溫循環(huán)冷卻系統(tǒng)

1.3 high temperature circulating cooling system

該系統(tǒng)的功用是：將在高溫區(qū)工作的零部件（機體、汽缸套、汽缸蓋）所吸收的熱量及時傳遞出去，以保證其在保溫環(huán)境下可靠地工作。“高溫循環(huán)冷卻系統(tǒng)”中的高溫水泵冷卻水經(jīng)機體進水管直接壓送到機體右側(cè)水道內(nèi)。又通過飛輪端連接機體左、右兩側(cè)的串水管，進入機體左側(cè)水道內(nèi)。進入機體水道的冷卻水，流過汽缸套外部水套，經(jīng)機體上部與汽缸蓋連通的4個串水孔進入汽缸蓋水腔，然后由汽缸蓋上端面出水口進入各氣缸蓋的回水管。發(fā)動機左右兩排汽缸蓋的回水管匯合后，經(jīng)高溫回水總管被送往高溫熱交換器或臥式水箱的高溫散熱器內(nèi)進行冷卻，又回流到高溫水泵開始新一輪循環(huán)。

The function of the system is to transfer the heat absorbed by the parts (body, cylinder sleeve, cylinder head) working in high temperature area in time, so as to ensure the reliable work in the insulation environment. The cooling water of high temperature water pump in "high temperature circulating cooling system" is directly pressed into the water channel on the right side of the body through the water inlet pipe of the machine body. The water pipes on the left and right sides of the machine body are connected through the flywheel end, and enter the water channel on the left side of the body. The cooling water entering the water channel of the engine block flows through the external water jacket of the cylinder sleeve, enters the water chamber of the cylinder head through the four water flushing holes connected with the cylinder head at the upper part of the engine block, and then enters the return water pipe of each cylinder head through the water outlet on the upper end face of the cylinder head. After the return water pipes of the left and right cylinder heads of the engine converge, they are sent to the high temperature heat exchanger or the high temperature radiator of the horizontal water tank for cooling through the high temperature return main pipe, and finally return to the high temperature water pump to start a new cycle.

期刊文章分類查詢,盡在期刊圖書館

The periodical article classification inquiry, does in the periodical library

1.4低溫循環(huán)冷卻系統(tǒng)

1.4 low temperature circulating cooling system

該系統(tǒng)的功用是：降低增壓后的混合氣溫度和機油溫度，以提高發(fā)動機充氣效率和保持機油的正常潤滑。“低溫循環(huán)冷卻系統(tǒng)”中的低溫水泵獎冷卻水壓送到中冷器內(nèi)，以冷卻增壓后的混合氣，然后經(jīng)水管送至機油冷卻器，以冷卻機油，從機油冷卻器流程的冷卻水經(jīng)回水管被送往低溫熱交換器或臥式的低溫散熱器內(nèi)進行冷卻，又回流到低溫水泵開始新一輪循環(huán)。發(fā)動機在工作過程中，需控制其適當?shù)睦鋮s水溫，以免帶走過多的熱量，造成發(fā)動機功率下降，油耗增加、工作粗暴等不良后果。因此，在保證受熱零件工作可靠的前提下，應(yīng)使發(fā)動機散走的熱量盡可能少些。通常發(fā)動機的高溫回水溫度應(yīng)控制在70～80℃范圍內(nèi)較為適宜。

The function of the system is to reduce the temperature of mixture and oil after supercharging, so as to improve the efficiency of engine charging and maintain the normal lubrication of engine oil. The cooling water pressure of the low-temperature water pump in the "low-temperature circulating cooling system" is sent to the intercooler to cool the supercharged mixture, and then sent to the oil cooler through the water pipe to cool the oil. The cooling water from the oil cooler process is sent to the low-temperature heat exchanger or horizontal low-temperature radiator through the return pipe for cooling, and finally returns to the low-temperature water pump to start a new cycle. In the working process of the engine, it is necessary to control the proper cooling water temperature, so as to avoid the adverse consequences such as engine power decrease, fuel consumption increase and rough work caused by excessive heat. Therefore, on the premise of ensuring the reliability of the heated parts, the heat dissipated by the engine should be as small as possible. Generally, the temperature of high temperature return water should be controlled in the range of 70 ~ 80 ℃.

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