在焦化生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中，會(huì)產(chǎn)生大量的副產(chǎn)煤氣，焦化發(fā)電機(jī)組正是利用這些煤氣進(jìn)行發(fā)電的設(shè)備，既能實(shí)現(xiàn)能源的回收利用，又能為生產(chǎn)提供電力支持，在節(jié)能減排和資源循環(huán)利用中發(fā)揮著重要作用。根據(jù)燃料特性、機(jī)組結(jié)構(gòu)及應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景的不同，焦化發(fā)電機(jī)組可分為多個(gè)類(lèi)型，各自具備獨(dú)特的性能和適用范圍。

　　In the coking production process, a large amount of by-product gas is generated. Coking power generation units are the equipment that uses this gas for power generation. They can not only achieve energy recovery and utilization, but also provide power support for production, playing an important role in energy conservation, emission reduction, and resource recycling. According to different fuel characteristics, unit structures, and application scenarios, coking power generation units can be divided into multiple types, each with unique performance and applicability.

　　燃?xì)鈨?nèi)燃機(jī)發(fā)電機(jī)組是焦化行業(yè)中較為常見(jiàn)的一種。它以焦化產(chǎn)生的煤氣為燃料，通過(guò)內(nèi)燃機(jī)的燃燒過(guò)程將化學(xué)能轉(zhuǎn)化為機(jī)械能，再由發(fā)電機(jī)將機(jī)械能轉(zhuǎn)化為電能。這類(lèi)機(jī)組的優(yōu)勢(shì)在于啟動(dòng)速度快，能在短時(shí)間內(nèi)達(dá)到額定發(fā)電功率，對(duì)于焦化廠內(nèi)需要快速響應(yīng)的用電需求較為適用。同時(shí)，其對(duì)煤氣的凈化要求相對(duì)較低，即使煤氣中含有少量雜質(zhì)，經(jīng)過(guò)簡(jiǎn)單過(guò)濾處理后即可使用，適應(yīng)性較強(qiáng)。此外，燃?xì)鈨?nèi)燃機(jī)發(fā)電機(jī)組的熱效率較高，通常能達(dá)到 35% - 40%，能有效將煤氣中的能量轉(zhuǎn)化為電能，減少能源浪費(fèi)。不過(guò)，其單機(jī)容量相對(duì)較小，一般在數(shù)百千瓦到數(shù)兆瓦之間，更適合中小型焦化廠或作為輔助電源使用。

　　Gas internal combustion engine generator set is a common type in the coking industry. It uses coal gas produced by coking as fuel, converts chemical energy into mechanical energy through the combustion process of an internal combustion engine, and then converts mechanical energy into electrical energy through a generator. The advantage of this type of unit is its fast start-up speed, which can reach the rated power generation in a short period of time. It is more suitable for the electricity demand that needs to be quickly responded to in coking plants. At the same time, its requirements for gas purification are relatively low. Even if the gas contains a small amount of impurities, it can be used after simple filtration treatment and has strong adaptability. In addition, the thermal efficiency of gas internal combustion engine generator sets is relatively high, usually reaching 35% -40%, which can effectively convert the energy in gas into electrical energy and reduce energy waste. However, its single unit capacity is relatively small, generally ranging from several hundred kilowatts to several megawatts, making it more suitable for small and medium-sized coking plants or as an auxiliary power source.

　　燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)發(fā)電機(jī)組在大型焦化企業(yè)中應(yīng)用較多。它通過(guò)燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)直接驅(qū)動(dòng)發(fā)電機(jī)發(fā)電，工作時(shí)，焦化煤氣與空氣混合后在燃燒室燃燒，產(chǎn)生高溫高壓氣體推動(dòng)燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)旋轉(zhuǎn)，進(jìn)而帶動(dòng)發(fā)電機(jī)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。與燃?xì)鈨?nèi)燃機(jī)發(fā)電機(jī)組相比，燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)發(fā)電機(jī)組的單機(jī)容量更大，可達(dá)到數(shù)十兆瓦，能滿(mǎn)足大型焦化廠的高用電需求。其運(yùn)行速度快，負(fù)荷調(diào)節(jié)能力強(qiáng)，能根據(jù)電網(wǎng)負(fù)荷的變化快速調(diào)整發(fā)電量，保障電力系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定。但燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)對(duì)煤氣的純度和壓力要求較高，需要對(duì)煤氣進(jìn)行深度凈化處理，去除其中的硫化物、焦油等雜質(zhì)，否則容易造成輪機(jī)葉片磨損或堵塞，影響機(jī)組的使用壽命和運(yùn)行效率。

　　Gas turbine generator sets are widely used in large coking enterprises. It directly drives the generator to generate electricity through a gas turbine. During operation, coking gas is mixed with air and burned in the combustion chamber, producing high-temperature and high-pressure gas to drive the gas turbine to rotate, thereby driving the generator to operate. Compared with gas internal combustion engine generator sets, gas turbine generator sets have a larger single unit capacity, reaching tens of megawatts, which can meet the high electricity demand of large coking plants. It has fast operating speed and strong load regulation capability, and can quickly adjust the power generation according to changes in grid load, ensuring the stability of the power system. However, gas turbines require high purity and pressure of the gas, and require deep purification treatment of the gas to remove impurities such as sulfides and tar. Otherwise, it is easy to cause wear or blockage of the turbine blades, affecting the service life and operating efficiency of the unit.

　　蒸汽輪機(jī)發(fā)電機(jī)組則是通過(guò)間接利用焦化煤氣的能量進(jìn)行發(fā)電。首先，將焦化煤氣在鍋爐中燃燒，產(chǎn)生高溫高壓蒸汽，然后利用蒸汽推動(dòng)蒸汽輪機(jī)旋轉(zhuǎn)，帶動(dòng)發(fā)電機(jī)發(fā)電。這種機(jī)組的優(yōu)勢(shì)在于能源利用形式靈活，除了利用焦化煤氣，還可結(jié)合焦化生產(chǎn)中的余熱資源，如焦炭冷卻過(guò)程中產(chǎn)生的熱量，提高整體能源利用效率。蒸汽輪機(jī)發(fā)電機(jī)組的單機(jī)容量也較大，且運(yùn)行穩(wěn)定、可靠性高，適合作為焦化廠的主力發(fā)電機(jī)組。不過(guò)，其啟動(dòng)過(guò)程較慢，從啟動(dòng)到達(dá)到額定功率往往需要數(shù)小時(shí)，難以應(yīng)對(duì)突發(fā)的用電高峰，且系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)相對(duì)復(fù)雜，需要鍋爐、蒸汽管道等輔助設(shè)備，占地面積較大，建設(shè)和維護(hù)成本也相對(duì)較高。

　　Steam turbine generator sets generate electricity indirectly by utilizing the energy of coking gas. Firstly, coking gas is burned in a boiler to produce high-temperature and high-pressure steam, which is then used to drive the steam turbine to rotate and generate electricity for the generator. The advantage of this type of unit lies in its flexible energy utilization. In addition to utilizing coking gas, it can also combine waste heat resources from coking production, such as the heat generated during coke cooling, to improve overall energy utilization efficiency. The single unit capacity of steam turbine generator set is also relatively large, and it operates stably and has high reliability, making it suitable as the main generator set for coking plants. However, its start-up process is slow, often taking several hours from start-up to reaching rated power, making it difficult to cope with sudden power peaks. The system structure is relatively complex, requiring auxiliary equipment such as boilers and steam pipelines, occupying a large area, and the construction and maintenance costs are also relatively high.

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